A Journey of Thoughts and Ideas in Design
This page is dedicated to writings and reflections derived from my personal understanding and philosophical exploration of the design field. As a passionate crossover, I do not claim to be an expert but rather someone fascinated by the intersection of design, psychology, and user experience. Through these publications, I aim to share insights, spark discussions, and perhaps leave a positive impact within the design community.
Coming Soon….
My Collection
My Collection
My Collection
In this section, I’ve gathered timeless standards, guiding principles, and practical heuristics that shape the art and science of user experience design. Think of it as a designer’s toolkit—packed with insights and inspiration to spark ideas, refine your craft, or simply explore the fascinating world of UX.
Human Factor
Human Factor
Human Factor
Mental Model
Mental Model
Mental Model
B
B
B
A
A
A
I
I
I
S
S
S
E
E
E
S
S
S
Principles & Guidlines
Principles & Guidlines
Principles & Guidlines
Principles & Guidlines
Social Influence
Social Influence
Social Influence
Human Factors
Human Factors
Human Factors
Human Factors
LEARNABILITY
LEARNABILITY
LEARNABILITY
ERGONOMICS
ERGONOMICS
ERGONOMICS
PRECEPTION
PRECEPTION
PRECEPTION
EMOTIONS
EMOTIONS
EMOTIONS
CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATION
Impatience, fear, prejudices, limited memory, needing analysis, limited concentration, change in need, need motivation, making errors, misjudgement
B
B
A
A
I
I
S
S
E
E
S
S
Cognitive Patterns
Cognitive Patterns
Assumptions
Assumptions
Prejudices
Prejudices
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
Social Desirability
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Friendliness Bias
encourages the user to answer in a way they think is expected by the researcher
Observer Bias
The moderator unconsciously influences the test through his behaviour.
Hawthorne Effect
individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed.
Recency Bias
The tendency to remember and favor recent events more clearly.
Serial position bias
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
Cultural bias
The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
Framing bias
The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
Clustering illusion
The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
Fundamental attribution
The tendency to attribute someone’s behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
Ambiguity Effect
The tendency to select options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is known, over an option for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.
False-consensus
The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
Implicit bias
This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
Racial bias
he tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
Transparency bias
The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people’s thoughts and feelings.
Survivorship bias
The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
Sunk-cost bias
The tendency to continue a behavior if you’ve already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
DON NORMAN
DON NORMAN
Interaction Principles
Interaction Principles
Visibility
Users should easily see the available options and actions. The design should make the functionality of an object or interface obvious.
Feedback
The system should provide clear feedback to users after an action is taken, so they understand the result of their interaction.
Constraints
Design elements should guide users by limiting possible actions, preventing errors, or confusion.
Mapping
The relationship between controls and their effects should be logical and intuitive, ensuring users can predict outcomes.
Consistency
A consistent design uses familiar elements and patterns, making it easier for users to navigate and interact.
Affordance
The design should indicate how an object or interface can be used (e.g., a button looks like it can be pressed)
Jon Yablonski
Jon Yablonski
Low Of UX
Laws of UX is a collection of best practices that designers can consider when building user interfaces.
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
Law of Proximity
Working Memory
Zeigarnik Effect
Peak-End Rule
Serial Position Effect
Law of Common Region
Tesler’s Law
Von Restorff Effect
Postel’s Law
Selective Attention
Jakob’s Law
Paradox of the Active User
Pareto Principle
Parkinson’s Law
Mental Model
Law of Uniform
Connectedness
Miller’s Law
Occam’s Razor
Law of Prägnanz
Law of Similarity
Flow
Goal-Gradient Effect
Hick’s Law
Cognitive Load
Doherty Threshold
Cognitive Bias
Chunking
Aesthetic-Usability Effect
Fitts’s Law
For More
10 Usability Heuristics
Jakob Nielsen
Visibility of System Status
The system should always keep users informed about what is happening through clear and timely feedback.
Match Between System and the Real World
Use language, concepts, and design elements that are familiar to users, ensuring the system feels intuitive.
User Control and Freedom
Provide users with the ability to undo or redo actions, giving them freedom to navigate without fear of mistakes.
Consistency and Standards
Ensure the design follows consistent conventions, so users don’t have to guess how things work.
Error Prevention
Design interfaces that anticipate potential errors and guide users to avoid making them.
Recognition Rather Than Recall
Minimize memory load by making options, actions, and information easily visible and accessible.
Flexibility and Efficiency of Use
Allow users to tailor the system to their needs, supporting both novice and expert users with shortcuts and customization.
Aesthetic and Minimalist Design
Keep the design clean and focused, showing only essential information and avoiding unnecessary clutter.
Help Users Recognize, Diagnose, and Recover from Errors
Provide clear, informative error messages that guide users to resolve issues quickly.
Help and Documentation
Ensure helpful resources are easily accessible, even if users prefer not to rely on them.
Dan Brown
Dan Brown
8 Principles of Information Architecture
8 Principles of Information Architecture
The Principle of Objects
Treat content as living, dynamic objects with their own lifecycle, structure, and behaviors, rather than static items.
The Principle of Choices
Offer users a limited set of meaningful options to reduce decision fatigue and improve usability.
The Principle of Disclosure
Provide users with just enough information to help them understand their options and make informed decisions.
The Principle of Exemplars
Use examples to clarify the meaning of categories and help users navigate complex information.
The Principle of Front Doors
Recognize that users can enter a website or system from multiple entry points, not just the homepage, and ensure accessibility and coherence across all pages.
The Principle of Multiple Classification
Allow users to access information through different paths or categories based on their needs and perspectives.
The Principle of Focused Navigation
Design navigation systems that are clear and structured, ensuring users stay oriented while exploring content.
The Principle of Growth
Plan for scalability and flexibility, ensuring the structure can accommodate future content and changes.
Gestalt Principles
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler
Proximity
Proximity
Elements that are close to each other are perceived as a group.
Similarity
Similarity
Elements that look similar (in color, shape, size, etc.) are seen as part of the same group.
Closure
Closure
The mind tends to fill in gaps to create a complete, unified shape or object.
Continuity
Continuity
Lines and patterns are perceived as continuing smoothly, rather than abruptly changing direction.
Figure-Ground
Figure-Ground
The mind separates objects from their background, distinguishing the focal point (figure) from everything else (ground).
Symmetry and Order
Symmetry and Order
The mind prefers balanced, symmetrical, and orderly arrangements.
Common Fate
Common Fate
Elements moving in the same direction are perceived as part of the same group or pattern.
Parallelism
Parallelism
Elements that are parallel to one another are perceived as related or grouped.
Common Region
Common Region
Elements that are enclosed within the same boundary are perceived as a group.
Uniform Connectedness
Uniform Connectedness
Elements that are visually connected (e.g., by lines, shapes, or colors) are perceived as belonging together.
Focal Point
Focal Point
Elements that stand out due to visual distinctiveness (e.g., size, color, or shape) naturally draw the viewer's attention and become focal points.
Prägnanz
Prägnanz
People perceive visual elements in the simplest and most stable form possible.
